A(n) __________ timer records the total amount of time the instruction has been energized and retains this value even during de-energization.

A retentive timer is designed to keep track of the accumulated time a particular instruction is energized, even if that instruction loses power or is de-energized. This means that once the timer is re-energized, it will continue counting from where it left off rather than starting from zero. This characteristic is crucial in applications where it is necessary to maintain an accurate total time record, such as in process control and machinery operation timing, where interruptions may occur.

In contrast, other types of timers like non-retentive timers reset to zero when de-energized, so they do not retain any previous timing information. Static and dynamic refer to different concepts altogether, where "static" generally relates to unchanging conditions, and "dynamic" relates to changing conditions, which does not specifically address the functionality of timing within controller systems. Thus, the choice of a retentive timer is the correct answer as it directly addresses the requirement for maintaining time continuity across power cycles.