What is each group of numbers separated by periods or dots in an IP address called?

In the context of IP addresses, each group of numbers that is separated by periods (dots) is called an octet. An IP address is typically composed of four octets, which correspond to the 32 bits of the address in IPv4 format. Each octet represents a decimal value ranging from 0 to 255, and collectively, these octets form the complete address that identifies a device within a network.

The term "octet" specifically refers to the grouping of 8 bits, which was defined to maintain clarity in communication about digital data. In the case of an IP address, since there are four octets, this allows for a wide range of unique addresses to be created.

Understanding this terminology is crucial for networking, as it lays the foundation for deeper concepts related to IP addressing and subnetting. Familiarity with octets helps network professionals to comprehend the structure and management of IP addresses more effectively.